C# & .NET Runtime
How the .NET runtime executes your C# code — from JIT compilation and garbage collection to async state machines and generics.
Core Runtime
CLR Architecture
AppDomains, managed execution model, and the Common Language Runtime pipeline.
JIT Compilation
IL → native code, tiered compilation, ReadyToRun, and crossgen2.
Garbage Collector
Generational GC, LOH, pinning, GC modes, and memory pressure.
Value Types vs Reference Types
Stack vs heap allocation, boxing/unboxing costs, and Span<T>.
Language Features
async/await State Machine
How the compiler rewrites async methods into state machine classes.
LINQ Deferred Execution
IEnumerable pipeline, expression trees, and query provider model.
Delegates & Events
Multicast delegates, event patterns, and lambda closures.
Generics & Reification
Reified generics vs Java type erasure, constraints, and covariance.